Tilapia Fish Farming in Kerala
Tilapia Fish Farming in Kerala: Tilapia Fish Farming in Kerala is the second most widely grown fish globally, and it's commercial cultivation in India is limited. The climate and natural environment of Asian countries are favorable for growing Tilapia Fish Farming in Kerala.
The rearing of this fish was banned by the Fisheries Research Committee of India in 1959. But in the meantime, due to the circumstances of some provinces, the ban on its observance has been lifted. It is highly sought after by fishermen and consumers because of its rapidly growing feature.
Omnivorous in nature, it feeds on phytoplankton, aquatic plants, and small, weak insects. Its feed is made and floating.
Its demand is increasing daily due to its disease-fighting quality to local farmers and even the global market. It can survive in harsh conditions and has the ability to eat natural foods.
The rate of conversion of the tilapia fish feed is 1.25-1.5. It can be removed after 5-6 days if it properly cares for its weight at the time of removal is 500-600 grams. Basically, 20000-25000 fish can be raised in an area of one acre.
The feed of Tilapia Fish Farming in Kerala
Extraordinary feeds: Normally made fish feeds are available on the market. This feed is a type of pellet. Wet palette and dry palette.
In water pellets, carboxymethyl cellulose or gelatin is added to harden the food and then set it down well and prepare it into tablets.
It is healthy but cannot be stored for long. It can be stored for a long time on dry pallets. They can be carried from one place to another. Contains a moisture content of 8-11 percent. There are two types of dry pallets. One type of sync with another floating type.
Protein: Different types of fish require different amounts of protein in their diet e.g. 18-20 Percent Marine Shrimp, Catfish 28-32 percent, Tilapia 32-38 percent, and 38-42 percent. it happens.
Fats: Marine fish need N3 HUFA in the form of fats in their diet to grow well.
Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are a major source of energy for mammals. About 20 percent of carbohydrates are needed in the fish diet.
Types of Feed: There are two types of fish feed, one floating in the water and the other drowning in the water. Different doses of different types of fish are recommended.
Like the shrimp, fish eat only feeds immersed in water. Depending on the size of the fish, the feed is available in the form of tablets of different sizes.
Treatment dose: Therapeutic supplements are used when fish stop eating food or get sick. Medicinal feeds are used to protect fish from disease.
Care of Tilapia Fish Farming in Kerala
Habitat and Care: Most of the arable land is used for fish farming. Other factors should be kept in mind for the fish farm as the soil should have the capacity to store water.
Do not make ponds in sandy and muddy soils. If you want to test the soil, dig a wide hole about 20 feet [6 m] deep in the ground and fill it with water.
If the water in the well stays for 1-2 days the land is good for fish farming. But if there is no water in the well, then this land is not suitable for fish farming. There are three types of lakes. Children's dam, fish pond, and fish processing pond.
Manure Management: Organic and inorganic fertilizers are widely used in fish farming.
Organic Fertilizer: This contains mineral-produced mineral nutrients and the raw materials are taken from agricultural farms. It mainly contains animal manure, chicken manure, and other organic matter. Natural materials such as compost, hay, sewage, and paddy straw are included.
Body Fertilizer: This contains both mineral and organic nutrients. It is highly adapted to local people and contains animal and farm waste. It basically contains at least one nutrient such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
Baby fish care: Remove the fish from the adult tank with the help of a scoop or cup. A few drops of Infusoria, which is a measure of fluid, should be given to the baby fish with the help of an eyedropper, several times a day. After a few days, when they reach half an inch in size, they put in a new tank that has the space they need to grow.
Diseases And Prevention of Tilapia Fish Farming in Kerala
• Movement of tail and wings: Signs wither tail and feathers, the corners of the wings appear whiter and spread over all the wings and eventually fall off.
Treatment: Treat with copper sulfate 0.5%. Soak the fish in copper sulfate water for 2-3 minutes.
Throat deficiency: In this disease, the lumps turn gray in color and eventually fall off. The fish swallow until it reaches the surface of the water to breathe and is eventually washed away.
Treatment: The disease is treated by dipping the fish in the salt solution for 5-10 minutes.
EUS: Appearance of boils on the body, cracking of the skin and wings, leading to fish death.
Treatment: Apply 200 kg per hectare of lemon to the water and do not add fertilizer to the water.
White spot disease: White spots appear on the skin, pores, and wings of fish.
Treatment: Dip fish in 0.02% formalin solution for 7-10 days for one hour daily.
Black spot disease: Small dark spots appear on the body.
Treatment: Dip fish in 0.03% picric acid solution for one hour.
Fish lice: This causes slow growth of fish, loose wings, and bloodstains on the skin.
Treatment: Apply Matlion (50 EC) one liter per hectare three times in 15 days.
Fish joke: Due to this skin and sores it is damaged.
Treatment: To treat the disease, apply Malalathion 1 liter per hectare.
Vibriosis: As a result, white or gray areas are found in the brain and intestines.
Treatment: Give oxytetracycline 3-5 gm/lb for 10 days or Furazolidone 100 mg in the fish diet for 6 days. Give each kg of fish.
Furunculosis: Symptoms include darkening of the skin, enlargement of the spleen, rapid breathing, and bloody mucus. The disease increases the mortality rate of fish.
Treatment: Sulfamerazine 150-220 mg for 10-14 days. Give the fish a pound of fish a day or Furazolidone 25-100 mg in the diet.
For the weight of each fish, give daily for 10 days or Oxytetracycline 50-70 mg. According to the weight of the fish per kg, give it daily for 10 days or 25-100 mg of oxolinic acid in the diet. Give each fish weight per kilogram for 10 days.
Red mouth disease: Symptoms of reddening of the wings, mouth, throat, and throat.
Treatment: There are a variety of antibiotics and vaccines available that are used to treat red mouth disease.
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