How to start mushroom farming business 2023
If you are a farmer and want to open a new business by earning extra money, then mushroom cultivation can be very beneficial for you. Although you have to take a lot of care to get a good yield in it, if you work hard in it then the profit is also very high. More recently, its cultivation has started in states like Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, and Rajasthan. Not only this, but mushroom cultivation has also started in cold states like Himachal Pradesh, Jammu, and Kashmir. Its demand is very high in the regions of Asia and Africa all over the world.
What is a mushroom (mushroom definition)
Mushroom is a kind of plant but still, it is seen like meat. Meaning you cannot call it a herbaceous plant. It contains a high amount of protein and nutrients such as vitamin D. It is made from fungus and if we talk about its shape, it is almost in the shape of a honeycomb.
Types of mushroom in India
According to international scientists, about 10000 varieties of it are present on our earth. But if we look from the point of view of business, then only about 5 varieties of mushroom exist, out of which only 5 varieties are considered good. Whose names are Button Mushroom, Paddy Straw, Specialty Mushroom, Medicine Mushroom, Dhingra, or Oyster Mushroom respectively? Among them, button mushroom is the most liked variety. Sometimes it is also called milky mushroom.
Mushroom seeds Price
The cost of its seeds is around Rs 75 per kg, which varies according to the brand and variety. That's why you have to decide first, which type of mushroom you want to grow.
Where to sell mushrooms (How to sell mushrooms in India)
Mushroom is in demand in many places, hotels, pharmaceutical companies, etc. come in suitable places to sell it. Apart from this, mushrooms are mostly used in Chinese food. Due to its other beneficial properties, it is also being used in the medical field. Not only this, its export and import are also done in many countries, that is, there are many areas to sell it.
Mushroom cultivation techniques
You can grow mushrooms only by artificial (chemical process). For this, you should have a place in which you can grow mushrooms easily. Mushroom trade has started happening in two ways in our country. If you want, you can start a business by forming a company. Second way- If you have a farm, that means you are a farmer, then you can do it easily, just cover that land like a closed room with the help of wood. Then this business can prove to be a new boon for you.
small scale commercial mushroom growing
If you want to keep it limited to making it a source of additional income, then start it on a small scale. Due to this, there will be no effect on the work of your main business. As mushroom is grown, it is clear that the scale of your business directly depends on the land. The process of growing other mushrooms is the same, whether done on a small scale or on a large scale. Similarly, you can cultivate aloe vera.
Investment or cost required for mushroom farming
The amount to be invested in this varies according to your capability and level of business. In this business, you will have to invest money only in making its care and growing place. Apart from this, there will also be an expense for using insecticides. If you start a small business, then you can invest Rs 10000 to Rs 50000. On the other hand, it would be appropriate to invest Rs 1 lakh to Rs 10 lakh for big business.
Mushroom farming profit margin
Talking about profit in business, every year in the whole world this business is increasing by 12.9 percent. This means, that you can achieve a good position in this business in a short time. If you start a business in 100 sqm, then you can get a profit of about Rs 1 lakh to 5 lakh, that too every year. However, it will depend on the technology increasing your production capacity.
Raw materials or materials required for mushroom cultivation
Talking about India, it is grown in wintertime. Because the temperature should be low during its cultivation, along it, to grow mushrooms, you need wheat and paddy straw. For its protection, you have to buy insecticides and their seeds as well. Mushroom cultivation can also be done in the room. Just you have to keep in mind that it is grown only in moisture. Apart from this, you can also buy many organic-inorganic compounds, nitrogen nutrients, by using this, you get a significant increase in production efficiency.
Commercial mushroom growing systems
For mushroom cultivation on a large scale, you have to increase the number of seeds along with the large space. Meaning the difference is only in the location, cost, and purchase of raw materials. The process of growing mushrooms is the same for everyone.
Mushroom farming process in Hindi
Mushroom farming at home
You need room to cultivate it, but if you want, you can also start growing mushrooms under it by making a net of wood. All the rest of the steps are the same for all levels of business, which are being explained well below.
Step 1 – How to make mushroom compost at home with the help of paddy and wheat straw
Manure is required for mushroom cultivation, for which you can use wheat or paddy straw. For this, you have to make the straw germ-free. So that the germs and impurities present in it are removed. This is done so that there is no obstacle in the growth of mushroom crop and there is no obstruction in the growth of its plant and its properties. You have to mix 1.5 kg formalin and 150 grams baby stein in about 1500 liters of water. In this, both chemicals or pesticides have to be mixed together. After this, 1 quintal, 50 kg wheat straw has to be mixed in this water and mixed well. After that, it has to be kept covered for some time. Due to which this manure or straw will become ready for you to grow mushrooms.
Phase II – Mushroom Plantation
After the first step, spread this straw well outside in the air, this is done so that its moisture can be worked up to 50 percent by bringing it in contact with the air. After this, you have to turn the straw again and again. After which it becomes ready for sowing. Taking a polythene bag of 16 by 18, sow it in layers according to the layers, like the first straw makes seeds on it and make 3-4 layers in the same way. Keep in mind that at the bottom of this bag, make a hole at both the corners, so that the remaining water can drain out, not only this, tie this foil bag tightly. So that there is no room for air anywhere in it. The proportion of its seed or straw must be equal in each layer. Although it is done in Milky Mushroom only. Whereas the technology of mixing is used in Oyster mushrooms. Meaning, without layers, the seeds and straw of the mushroom are mixed. After the sowing process is over, some small holes are made in this packet. So that the mushroom plants can come out.
Mushroom cultivation precautions
For about 15 days, this crop has to be protected from wind, for which you should completely close the room. Then after 15 days leave this room open or even arrange for a fan. Even you can see the mushroom crop in white color.
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