Country Hen Farming in India: Country Hen Farming or desi hen has been active for decades in India. Usually, in the backyard chickens, local native birds are raised.
Traditionally these birds had a lower rate of egg and meat production compared to commercial broiler and layer farming. But with advanced models, there is a significant improvement in performance.
Country Hen Farming in India
The wide range of country poultry is the first low investment and the highest economic return. Individual protein consumption has been a concern for some time in India. Eggs and chicken are the cheapest and easiest ways to do this.
Although there has been significant growth in poultry farming over the past few decades, rural chickens have not shown much improvement. This is because it has been neglected in the field. The key is to focus on the various aspects of development, the best management practices, and the scientific method.
Benefits of Growing Poultry Country
The benefits of poultry farming in the country are as follows:
- Low initial investment combined with high economic gains.
- A country poultry farm can be started with just two birds and gradually increase into a herd.
- Due to the high demand for local poultry, birds, and eggs produced by them can be sold in the local market regardless of the season.
- Leftover feeds, cereals and various agricultural products can be used as bird feed. In other words, the cost of supply is ignored.
- Rural chicken or 'desi hen' and brown egg varieties have a greater need than other varieties.
- There are no labor costs involved probably because family members especially children and adults work as ‘workers’ in keeping the farm. It is therefore to promote family income.
- Since eggs and poultry can be sold at almost any time, home hens are an ‘any time money’ option.
- If the birds are raised on a living farm then the quality of chicken and eggs is much better. This is because birds are raised in a stress-free environment.
- In this way chicken waste such as garbage, extra feeds, etc. It is used directly as a living compost and increases yield.
Problems with world chickens
Indigenous or local varieties are often poor producers of eggs and meat. Therefore, advanced varieties have been developed that are more flexible and naturally stronger. They have the power of beautiful mothers and brooding.
The transformation of their body is good and encouraging. The more flexible they are and the stronger they are, the less likely they are to develop diseases and infections.
They are quick and alert so they can run away from creatures. There are four types of pure chickens found in India viz. Aseel, Chitagong, Kadaknath and Busra. Some species are also native to the area, such as:
Jharsim: Varieties specific to Jharkhand.
Kamrupa: It is supposed to cultivate the free distance to Assam.
Pratapdhan: It is a two-colored bird designed for Rajasthan.
Other types of ‘desi hen’ are produced by CARI Nirbheek, CARI Shyama, Hitcari, and Upcari. These species were developed at the Central Avian Research Institute (CARI), Izzatnagar.
Species such as Gramapriya, Vanaraja, Krishna-J, Girirani, Giriraja, etc. can be grown almost anywhere in India. Gramapriya and Vanaraja produce 200-230 eggs a year with the weight of each egg ranging from 55 to 60 grams. They started laying eggs at the age of 200 years. The age of initial placement varies with feeding, nutrition, and other management conditions.
National Poultry Farm Houses
Since poultry is a hardy and flexible breed, they do not need a lot of housing arrangements, unlike other breeds. Houses should protect the birds from the bad sun, rain, wind, and cold.
It should also protect them from the cold during the winter. If there is a free distance extension system the birds are released to feed during the day and kept in the pens at night.
To avoid direct sunlight and to promote high air circulation houses should be built on the north-south side and not on the east-west side. Inexpensive, locally available building materials such as bamboo, wood, grass, grass, etc. are used.
The ground is at a high point to avoid the collection of water or conditions such as flooding. There should be no problem with rats or water cracks, they should be easily handled to remove the housing if necessary and should be easy to clean.
There should also be a lamp installed on the roof to keep the chicks warm and provide light.
Country Hen Farming Feed
Compared to other ways to increase the cost of food in the country the chicken is at a lower level because the birds are allowed to be exposed.
Their daily nutritional needs for protein, vitamins, minerals, and energy are met by worms, insects, weeds, household waste, plant residues, and the remaining grains that they collect and eat during meals. Rice, broken rice, ground grass, etc.
It can be provided as an additional supplement. Feed twice a day. The feed is not stored for more than a month during the rainy season since the feed will have fungal contamination.
For better performance, an additional supply of 30-60 grams per day can be given to birds. The feed is made from wheat weeds, fish oil, maize, rice polish, shell, or lemon stone to meet the needs of vitamins, minerals, and salt. The appropriate poultry feed must meet the following requirements:
- Starting 20% 2800 Kcal / Kg
- Planter 16% 2600 Kcal / Kg
- Setting 18% 2650 Kcal / Kg
During the growth phase, the birds are fed with the first normal feed of chicks found on the market. In addition, to feed collected food, birds are also fed with Azolla, drum leaves, whole grains, marble leaves, etc. during the growing phase.
After 120 days the average body weight should be 1.3 to 2.4 Kg. In addition, they should be fed in small amounts from time to time during the first few weeks which helps to revive the eating habit. In addition, it helps the growth of bone feathers and develops a good immune system.
Kick the chicken
Dental hygiene is defined as the ‘art’ of raising chicks from the day they hatch. A newly hatched chick takes about two weeks to develop its homeostasis and its thermoregulatory system.
In other words, they cannot maintain their body temperature during the first few days of their life. Therefore a special arrangement should be made to maintain body temperature. This process is called brooding. Coming in two types-
Natural Constipation: In natural brooding, native hens used to live. The hen is provided with all the necessary building materials including food and water.
Eggs of improved variety are used for incubation. As soon as the eggs are hatched, the chicks are left with the mother to attack. Special arrangements were made for the chick and its mother throughout the night. A hen that can take care of 12-15 chicks at a time.
Installing Artificial Brooding: No meat broiler is used in this case. Instead, there is an arrangement to provide artificial heat. There are ‘bukharies’ specially designed where wood, coal, paraffin, sawdust dust, etc. are used.
The temperature is maintained at 95⁰ F for the first week. In the following weeks, it was reduced by 5⁰F to week 6. On average heat of up to 2 watts per chicken is required in the incubation phase.
Health Management at 'Desi Hen Farming'
Once the chicks have been brought to the farm it is the responsibility of the farmers to ensure that they are healthy and healthy. There are a few factors to consider specifically for this purpose.
Extermination and Food Properties
Chicks should be placed in a brooder and the feeder should be fed at least twice a day or more if necessary. They need to be refreshed to drink water.
For this purpose, the cups are placed for the first time. In the case of imported chickens, their temperature should always be checked.
Extremely high temperatures can cause the chicks to move away from the broods while the temperature is too low which means the chicks can come together.
Low Ground Poultry Farming
Chickens that incubate deep litter require a minimum of 280 cm ² per hen. From week 6, about one foot of the area should be provided. Overcrowding in the incubator stage can create stress and thus lead to infection and death.
The rate of feed conversion and growth should be proportional to the available ground area for chicks.
Light Management
The idea behind giving light to brooders is to increase feed consumption and thus increase growth in a very short time. For the first six weeks there should be continuous light for up to 48 hours.
During the growing season, it takes a simple 10-12 hours. While providing a light supply, there should also be a chicken guard to prevent the chicks from direct contact with the heat lamp. It is usually made of cardboard.
Drinking Resources
For older chickens of the day, they should be given clean drinking water in the pens. The water level should not be more than 2 cm high.
For the first three days, no matter what kind of people drank the iron. Drinkers should be placed near the hovers.
Cooling and related humidity
The accumulation of carbon dioxide and oxygen-deficient ammonia is one of the major causes of death in the incubation phase.
If brooders the size of curtains do not get into the air it can lead to a large accumulation of gas and choking the chicks.
Therefore a 3.5-inch headspace should be left between the roof and the curtain to ensure air circulation.
Similarly, relative humidity of 65% should be maintained. Care must be taken to protect the humidity associated with a drop of less than 50% as this can cause dryness of the water between the chicks.
Spraying disinfected water is one way to keep moisture at the right level.
Cutting the Beak
Mouth cutting may seem absurd but it is an important step in preventing food spoilage and cannibalism. It is done in the 3rd week and about one-third of the mouth is shaved.
Mouth smearing with a hot iron is one of the most widely used methods of cutting the beak. It kills the tissues of oral growth and also binds oral growth. During cauterization, care should be taken so as not to burn the tongue.
Litter Management
This is a very important step in controlling disease in the herd. Garbage should be kept dry and shaken regularly. Stimulation helps control temperature, humidity, and low air pressure.
World Chicken Marketing
Poultry marketing in the country is very simple because a variety of traditional chickens are always in demand in the market.
They can be provided in shops or farms that can meet with hotels to provide rural chicken on a regular basis. National poultry farming (desi chicken farming ) is an alternative source of income for an integrated farming system.
World Bank Chicken Borrowing Project Report
You will need a project report to apply for a bank loan. We have published a customized PDF of the Country Chicken Farming Project Report,
One for two purposes (chicken and eggs) and the other for meat purposes only. With these project reports, you will be able to calculate project costs and profits and apply for a bank loan.
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